【HR术语】什么是绩效管理？（What is performance management?）
什么是绩效管理？
绩效管理是一种跟踪专业人员工作绩效和发展其技能的方法，以便他们为实现部门和公司目标做出有效贡献。
绩效管理包括三个阶段，鼓励个人提高绩效水平：
规划。制定和衡量与公司目标一致的个人目标，以便人力资源部门评估专业人员的改进情况。
签到。管理人员和团队成员应定期会面，就需要改进的地方和进展情况进行双向交流。
回顾。全年频繁的签到为管理人员和专业人员进行季度或半年度绩效审查做好准备。这些会议有助于管理者准确评估员工的进步、成就和绩效。
绩效管理的常见步骤
设定期望值。绩效管理首先要为员工设定明确、具体和可衡量的期望。这包括确定工作角色、职责和绩效目标。
持续反馈。定期反馈对专业成长和发展至关重要。这就需要管理者与团队成员不断沟通，讨论进展情况，解决疑虑，并提供指导。及时的反馈可确保员工做出必要的调整，以达到绩效预期。
绩效评估。定期绩效评估是绩效管理的重要组成部分。在这些评估中，团队成员的表现将根据既定的期望值进行评估。
专业发展。人力资源领导和管理人员可与个人贡献者合作制定发展计划，其中可能包括培训、指导和额外职责，以提高技能和能力。
表彰和奖励。表彰和奖励出色的绩效可以保持员工的积极性和参与度。
绩效管理为何重要？
通过持续的纠正性反馈，为专业人员提供切实可行的方法来提高他们的工作绩效，从而增强他们在发展过程中的能力。计划周密、标准化的绩效管理方法可以提高：
留住人才。绩效管理为员工创造了更令人满意的工作体验，并以积极的方式向他们提出挑战--让他们全身心投入工作，从而提高留任率。
员工参与度。当专业人员看到自己的努力得到认可和奖励时，他们就会更加投入工作，对工作和组织更加尽心尽力。
生产力。明确的绩效预期和定期反馈可提高个人和组织的生产力，从而增加收入。
实施绩效管理战略，鼓励个人取得更多成就，做出更大贡献，可以提高他们的自主性和积极性。
人力资源领导者如何才能建立有效的绩效管理？
人力资源领导者可以利用以下绩效管理最佳实践，帮助个人提高技能，发展事业：
确定一个框架。确定一种绩效管理方法，既能实现相关目标，又能准确适应被评估的个人职位。例如，人力资源部门可以实施 360 度审查来衡量人员的发展，同时使用目标管理（MBO）来评估主管的成就。
采取积极的方法。以善意和换位思考的态度对待员工，为激励员工积极成长的检查打下基础。管理者不应给专业人员留下一堆无益的负面反馈，而应明确期望，指导个人如何进步。
培训管理者。管理人员是确保绩效管理取得成功的关键人物。他们与团队成员互动的方式既可以激励他们提升绩效，也可以打击他们的士气，让他们泄气。教育管理人员如何指导员工，可以对参与度和工作效率产生积极影响。
始终如一。员工与经理之间的例行检查能让双方保持联系。小范围的非正式会议可以让专业人员随时了解自己的工作表现： 当季度绩效考核来临时，他们可以随时消化收到的反馈。
跟踪绩效管理指标
关注适当的指标可以更容易地跟踪绩效管理策略的影响。需要监控的关键员工绩效指标包括：
工作效率。衡量一个人在一定时间内能完成多少工作，可以说明哪些方面可以得到奖励，哪些方面还有改进的余地。
每名员工的收入。计算专业人员在特定时间段内创造了多少收入，可以更准确地反映他们的绩效。
错误。如果某个团队成员犯了大量错误，工作质量受到影响，这可能表明他们在努力工作，需要更多的培训和支持。
旷工。衡量专业人员缺勤的频率和时间，可以显示他们对团队和工作效率的影响。
加班。这是管理绩效的一个重要指标，因为它可以帮助雇主防止组织内出现职业倦怠。如果某人的工作时间经常超过其标准工作时间，这可能表明他们有太多的事情要做，或者他们感到有很大的压力要超额完成任务。
绩效管理工具
有多种工具可帮助人力资源领导者和组织有效管理绩效：
360度反馈软件。这类软件可以收集同事、经理和组织其他成员对专业人员的反馈意见，从而全面了解他们的绩效。
绩效评估软件。这些平台可帮助管理人员自动进行绩效评估、设定目标并跟踪专业人员的进展情况。
学习管理系统（LMS）。当一个人难以达到最佳表现时，他们可能需要额外的培训来支持他们。LMS 平台是提供培训和发展计划的绝佳工具，可以提高他们的技能。
员工表彰软件。工作中的表彰会极大地影响员工的工作表现。员工表彰软件可以轻松建立一种文化，对持续达到或超过绩效预期的员工给予认可和激励。
绩效管理如何改善公司文化？
绩效管理系统能够激发员工的潜能，是公司成功的核心要素。定期为员工提供鼓励、支持和指导，能让他们成为公司中乐于奉献、蓬勃发展的一员。因此，这些参与其中的专业人员有助于建立健康、繁荣的工作文化。
以下为文章原文：
What is performance management?
Performance management is a method of tracking professionals’ work performance and developing their skills so they can contribute effectively toward department and company goals.
Performance management involves three phases that encourage individuals to improve their performance level:
Planning. Establishing and measuring individual goals that also align with company objectives allows HR to assess a professional’s improvements.
Check-in. Managers and team members should meet regularly to engage in two-way conversations about areas for improvement and progress.
Review. Frequent check-ins throughout the year prepare managers and professionals for quarterly or biannual performance reviews. These meetings help managers accurately assess people’s progress, achievements, and performance.
Common steps in performance management
Setting expectations. Performance management begins with establishing clear, specific, and measurable expectations for your people. This involves defining job roles, responsibilities, and performance goals.
Continuous feedback. Regular feedback is essential for professional growth and development. This entails ongoing communication between managers and team members to discuss progress, address concerns, and offer guidance. Timely feedback ensures that people can make the necessary adjustments to meet performance expectations.
Performance evaluation. Regular performance evaluations are an important part of performance management. During these evaluations, team members are assessed based on their performance against the established expectations.
Professional development. HR leaders and managers can collaborate with individual contributors to create development plans—which may include training, mentoring, and additional responsibilities—to enhance skills and competencies.
Recognition and rewards. Recognizing and rewarding exceptional performance maintains people’s motivation and engagement.
Why is performance management important?
Providing professionals with practical ways to better their work performance through consistent, corrective feedback empowers them during their development journey. A well-planned, standardized approach to performance management can increase:
Retention. Performance management creates a more satisfying work experience for people and challenges them in a positive way—keeping them engrossed in their work and boosting retention.
Employee engagement. When professionals see that their efforts are recognized and rewarded, they become more engaged and committed to their work and the organization.
Productivity. Clear performance expectations and regular feedback improve individual as well as organizational productivity, increasing revenue.
Implementing a performance management strategy that encourages individuals to achieve more and increase their contributions can foster their autonomy and motivation.
What can HR leaders do to establish effective performance management?
HR leaders can use the following performance management best practices to help individuals sharpen their skills and develop their careers:
Decide on a framework. Identify a performance management method that addresses relevant goals and accurately fits the individual positions under evaluation. For example, HR may implement a 360-degree review to gauge personnel development while using management by objectives (MBO) to assess supervisors’ achievements.
Take a positive approach. Treating people with goodwill and empathy sets the groundwork for check-ins that can inspire positive growth. Rather than leaving a professional with a load of unhelpful, negative feedback, managers should clarify expectations and coach individuals on how to progress.
Train managers. Managers are the key players in ensuring successful performance management. The way they interact with team members can either inspire them to elevate their performance or demoralize and deflate them. Educating managers to coach their people can positively impact engagement and productivity.
Be consistent. Routine employee-manager check-ins enable both parties to maintain a connection. Bite-sized, informal meetings allow professionals to keep a finger on the pulse of their work performance: When the quarterly performance review rolls around, they can readily digest the feedback they receive.
Tracking performance management metrics
Keeping an eye on the appropriate metrics can make it easier to track the impact of a performance management strategy. Key employee performance metrics to monitor include:
Work efficiency. Measuring how much work a person can complete within a certain period of time can indicate what can be rewarded and where there’s room for improvement.
Revenue per employee. Calculating how much revenue a professional generates within a particular time period can give a more accurate picture of their performance.
Errors. If a team member is committing a large number of errors and the quality of their work is suffering, it can be a sign that they’re struggling and need more training and support.
Absenteeism. Measuring how often and for how long a professional is absent from work can demonstrate their impact on a team and their productivity.
Overtime. This is an important metric for managing performance as it can help employers prevent burnout within their organization. If someone regularly works more than their standard hours it can indicate that they have too much to do or that they feel a lot of pressure to overachieve.
Performance management tools
There are a variety of tools available to help HR leaders and organizations manage performance effectively:
360-degree feedback software. This type of software gathers feedback on professionals from their colleagues, managers, and other members of the organization to provide a comprehensive view of their performance.
Performance appraisal software. These platforms help managers automate performance evaluations, set goals, and track the progress of professionals.
Learning management systems (LMS). When a person is struggling to perform at their best, they may need additional training to support them. LMS platforms are an excellent tool for delivering training and development programs that can enhance their skills.
Employee recognition software. Recognition at work can strongly influence people’s performance. Employee recognition software makes it easy to establish a culture that acknowledges and incentivizes people who consistently meet or exceed performance expectations.
How does performance management improve company culture?
A performance management system that empowers people to reach their potential is a core component of company success. Providing individuals with regular encouragement, support, and direction enables them to become contributing, thriving members of the company. As a result, these engaged professionals can help build a healthy, flourishing work culture.
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